What Motivates People to Become Sex Addicts Essay Example

What Motivates People to Become Sex Addicts Essay Sex addiction involves a high, tolerance, craving, dependence, withdrawal, fascination, compulsion, secrecy, and a personality change. This paper will discuss motivates of people to become sex addicts. The role of psycho dynamically based psychotherapy is also been discuss as useful approach in identifying and addressing the developmental problems that occurred in a persons childhood as an effect of abuse. Moreover, the four major schools of thought about addiction are the self-medication hypothesis, the stress reduction theory, the cognitive/behavioral thesis, and the disease model has also been discussed.An addiction is a dependence to an activity, person, or thing that is characterized by disproportion, lack of control, loss of power, distortion of values, inflexible centrainess to the persons life, unhealthiness, pathology, chronicity, progression, and potential fatality. More simply put, an addict is a person who cannot say no. A sex and love addict cannot say no to his or her d esires to have sex or get into a love relationship. An addict is a person whose thoughts and behaviors are causing problems but who cannot stop them (Book, 1997). However, Sex and love addictions are not often seen as severe or, at least, not as obviously dangerous as drug addiction or cigarette smoking. This is far from the truth. The arrival of AIDS has made unsafe sex potentially lethal. Moreover, love and sex addicts have a high rate of suicidal ideation, and often are admitted to psychiatric hospitals for depressions convoyed by suicidal thoughts or actions. Even driving as under the influence of a sexual or love addiction can be hazardous if not fatal.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for psychiatric disorders does not list sexual addiction as a specific disorder, but it has been usually recognized as a problem in the psychiatric and addiction literature for several decades.Compulsive sexual activity meets the criterion for addiction when it involves a loss of control over the behavior and persistence of it despite negative consequences. The particular type of sexual activity may diverge and include various behaviors. Some of these behaviors, such as voyeurism and fetishism, are addressed as sexual disorders in the diagnostic manual, and there is some overlie between sexual addiction and other sexual disorders (Knauer, 2002).The pervasiveness of sexual addiction in the general population is thought to be between 3 and 6 percent and is more common in men than in women. Sexual addiction frequently coexists with substance addiction, mainly to cocaine. The prevalence of sexual addiction may be as high as seventy percent in cocaine addicts entering treatment. While unrecognized and untreated, it is a common cause of deterioration of the cocaine addiction.â€Å"Contrary to enjoying sex as a self affirming source of physical pleasure, the addict has learned to rely on sex for comfort from pain for nurturing or relief from stress† (Carnes, 1991, pp 34 ).Sexual abuse or incongruously seductive relationships with adults are common findings in the childhood histories of sex addicts. Sexual abuse damages a childs sense of self and the capability to self-regulate painful emotional states. It also predisposes the child to view sexual activity as a coping approach. Women with addiction to alcohol or drugs have a higher incidence of sexual addiction than other women, and the pervasiveness of sexual abuse experienced in the past by women addicts who are in treatment centers has been estimated at about eighty percent.Treatment of sexual addiction involves a mixture of approaches. Twelve-step recovery groups are available and provide helpful support. Sex Addicts Anonymous is one such group. Although these groups are usually closed to the public, participation can be gained through referral from a treatment center or a personal interview. Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy is mostly helpful, assisting the individual in identifying core belie fs and basic assumptions that inspire behavioral choices and allowing for conscious changes in behavior. Psycho dynamically based psychotherapy is often useful in identifying and addressing the developmental problems that occurred in a persons childhood as an effect of abuse.One of the significant characteristics differentiating addicted people from normal people is the aspect of motivation. Someone who depends on sex or love to survive is motivation. In other words, a sex and love addict feels that he or she cannot live without constant involvement in sexual or loving thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. Normal people may want love and sex in their lives to greater or lesser degrees, but they also know that they can live without it for a while (Schneider, 1994).The concepts of human motivation in addictions came about in regard to alcohol and drug addiction. Motivation was considered to mean physiological dependence. That is, alcohol, narcotics, and central nervous system depressantty pe drugs form physical dependence. Our bodies not only develop an acceptance for these chemicals, but actually become dependent on them in order to function on the whole. The absence of a regular dose will produce a withdrawal syndrome that is repulsive and, for some chemicals, potentially life-threatening. Thus, an alcoholic will need a drink in order to avert symptoms like agitation, complexity concentrating, anxiety, problems eating and sleeping, seizures, and hallucinations such as delirium tremens.Human motivation is a very important and often overlooked aspect of an addiction. After all, this is the thing that gets the person keen in the first place. There is a good-feeling fix with which the person falls in love and that he or she then wants more and more (Freeeman-Longo, Blanchard, 1998). For some addictions, the motivation is rather obvious; for example, the intoxication of a drink, the rush of cocaine, or the mellow feeling of marijuana. The fix an addict gets from nicoti ne or caffeine is not so authoritative but can be just as habit-forming. We have even been capable to observe such a thing as a runners high (Goodman, 1992). All these good feelings are the result of chemical changes in the brainsome ingested and some produced by our own bodies. Some of us just enjoy these good feelings and do not get hooked, while others (about 10 percent) get addicted to them.What is it on which love and sex addicts get hooked? Some people might think this is a silly and obvious question, but it is not. Surely the pleasure of a sexual orgasm is part of what the addict seeks, but orgasm is a comparatively brief experience. Most people cannot protract a multiply orgasmic state, so there has to be more that the addict seeks. In fact, there is. Most sex and love addicts spend a good deal of time in fantasy, throughout which they are in a state of mild provocation. In this state of preoccupation, their excitement can grow and their pleasure can increase. Most get quite good at developing and sustaining this motivation.For sex and love addicts there is an explicit amount of physical tolerance implicated in an escalating addiction. The chemicals are not ingested from a source outside the self but are instead produced completely from within. Our bodies have, essentially, two nervous systems, the considerate and the parasympathetic. The sympathetic nervous system wakes us up, turns us on, alerts us, arouses us, and arouses us. It is our adrenalin system. It makes us feel alive and ready to engage. On the other hand, our parasympathetic nervous system calms us down, puts us to sleep, assists us to relax, turns us off, and lets us extricate from the world. It is our soothing system, and makes us feel peaceful and content.In a sex and love addiction, the addict is overusing the sympathetic system. The quest for sexual motives produces adrenalin and excitement (Kalichman, et al 1994). It is like driving your car with the accelerator pedal to the floor. A s you get used to this pace, it becomes a common, normal, daily feeling. In other words, tolerance develops. You need more speed to create more enthusiasm. The love and sex addict is in the same bind. He or she must find ever more ways to be turned on. An exhibitionist can find that exposing him- or herself is not enough, and may come to do it more often or in riskier situations. A love addict can learn to tolerate more and more danger and physical abuse because he or she feels the force of the relationship more when there are more common conflicts and reconciliations. The fights are worse, but making-up is better.As the sympathetic nervous system is being overtaxed, the parasympathetic system is also working overtime. After the addict has over enthused him- or herself, it takes more and more to calm down. Sleep, then, can become a problem. At one point one orgasm can have been enough to bring on a sense of relief and relaxation, but over time, the addict can need more and more orga sms or may start using other ways of inducing sleep like ingesting drugs or alcohol. Two addictions, that is, chemicals and sex, can then interrelate with each other and produce increasing tolerance in both areas.Addicts who are physically dependent on chemicals need chemicals (1) to feel normal and function, and (2) to put off the symptoms of withdrawal (Schneider, 2000). More recently, it has been realized that people who are chemically dependent on drugs such as stimulants (amphetamines and cocaine) and hallucinogens (LSD and marijuana) experience these same dependencies (namely, needing the drugs to feel normal or function and to evade withdrawal), even though the drugs on which they are hooked are usually not considered physically addictive. We no longer see a difference between a heroin addict and a marijuana addict in terms of their prospective for being dependent on their drug of choice. In fact, the Surgeon General recently compared cigarette addiction to heroin addiction, although there are also obvious differences.Consequently, it should not be too hard for us to see that sex and love addiction entails a motivation that is both physical and psychological (Schwartz Brasted, 1985). The physiological motivation is similar to the physical dependency of cocaine addicts; in other words, the addict needs the drug, activity, or person so as to feel normal and function, and the fix postpones withdrawal symptoms like depression or complexity sleeping. Sex and love addicts have rearranged their bodies normal patterns of motivation and relaxation to the point where only a sexual or romantic encounter will avert the feeling of discomfort that signals the beginning of withdrawal and loss of functioning.Examples of motivation for sex and love addicts proliferate. In terms of physical dependence, many sex addicts have programmed their bodies to the point where they cannot fall asleep without an orgasm. Similarly, numerous love addicts cannot sleep without a romant ic fantasy of some kind. Sex addicts can experience agitation and anxiety that can increase to the point of a panic attack if they sense that they will be incapable to get their sexual fix. A sex addict said he did not feel normal unless he was involved in some intrigue or affair, although he desperately wanted to have a normal, committed relationship. Love addicts can feel dizzy, incapable to concentrate, and nauseous or crampy if they get that their love dependency is threatened (Freeeman-Longo, Blanchard 1998).Psychological motivation involves being unable to live without thoughts of sex or the love object; without patterns of friendships, leisure activities, and sex toys; without the exhilaration and so-called freedom of the addictive lifestyle; without the glamour and stimulation; and without the lying and confidentiality. In most recovery programs, a great emphasis is placed on changing people, places, and things linked with the addiction.The purpose of this sort of guideline is to help break the psychological dependency. Most addicts are extremely resistant to suggestions like these and find many ways to justify holding onto old patterns and connections, arguing, for example, They really are friends, I never had sex in a bookstore, or I like to collect things like these magazines for research for my teaching. (Freeeman-Longo, Blanchard 1998).The love and sex addicts psychological motivation is quite strong; additionally to the physical withdrawal symptoms he or she may have, there will be profound and powerful psychological withdrawal symptoms as well. The psychological withdrawal symptoms comprise boredom, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideas, guilt, and shame. The addict does everything in his or her power to avoid these feeling states as he or she has no way of coping with them other than acting out sexually or romantically.Addicts have little tolerance for monotony due to the high level of excitement and secrecy with which they are implicated on a daily basis. They are terrified of the emptiness and dysphoria that will set in if they are not implicated with their addiction, and they fear the feelings of worthlessness and guilt that will come over them. They have had periods of self-restraint before, and are familiar with all these psychological complications (Carnes, 1999).However, letting go is hard. One love-addicted woman who came who held onto a relationship with a man with whom she had been involved because We are such good friends. Rather than facing the pain of having to renounce someone that she cared about, she chose to make herself vulnerable by keeping the friendship alive. She restructured her behavior, and felt justified because the man was a traveling salesman and was hardly ever available. However, once when he was available, she had a slip that shook her self-esteem and confidence. She was capable to avoid a full-blown relapse by telling her sponsor about what had happened, but still she wanted to hold on to t his idealized friendship, and was not willing to admit how she was being mistreated, and how she was participating in her own victimization.Another addict, whose addiction had had reflective effects on his life due to his compulsive pedophilia, was extremely resistant to any suggestions that he was overly dependent. He maintained a strong attachment to his parents, and frequently visited them on weekends. He held on to a mortifying clerical job that did not agree to him to grow because he was afraid to go on job interviews. One weekend, on his way to visit his parents and play a tennis game with a friend, it began to rain. In spite of six months of sobriety, he ended up wandering around in a shopping mall and having anonymous sex with someone in the mens room. Then he went to a pornographic bookstore. Afterwards, he felt awful at losing his half year of sobriety. He resented the understanding that he had set himself up by his pattern of refusing to work out his dependency issues. He also resisted using the phone to ask for assistance when he felt like acting out. Thus, he was avoiding developing healthy dependencies as holding on to his unhealthy dependencies. This pattern of keeping up old coping styles makes addicts susceptible to slips and relapse. Breaking the psychological dependency is, then, a necessary part of the recovery process.Most Americans view sex addiction as a disease. This has not always been the case and, actually, many experts in the field of sex addiction see this change as a major improvement in terms of approach toward and treatment of sex addiction. There are people who object to the idea of sex addiction as a disease. They claim that the label is at best misleading, and at worst in fact destructive, and an impediment to helping people gets better. This is not the place for a full-fledged review of the argument, but it seems worthwhile to at least review some of the issues as it can help addicts and those who work with and care about th em to have some conceptualization concerning what an addiction is.The four major schools of thought about addiction are the self-medication hypothesis, the stress reduction theory, the cognitive/behavioral thesis, and the disease model. Simply put, the self-medication hypothesis states that addicts have a fundamental psychological, emotional, or mental disorder that they are treating themselves with a medication that they have discovered on their own. Their basic problems, then, are seen as the cause as well as the driving force behind the active addiction. To treat an addiction, a professional would have to facilitate the person identify and fix the underlying problems. Once the roots of the addiction have been worked on, the addictive behavior will no longer be needed by the addict and will be redundant (Goodman, 1992).The stress reduction theory of addiction assumes that the addict uses addiction as a way of coping with the stress in his or her life. Since all of us experience st ress, we have all found coping means that are more or less successful. A persons use of addiction is a poor and rather dysfunctional method of coping, and needs to be replaced with more adequate and suitable means of coping with stress. When this new learning has been accomplished, the addict will have no more require for the addiction.The cognitive/behavioral approach views addictions as over learned responses. Actually, behavioral therapists have been usually unconcerned with the origin of the behavior, and instead have focused on changing dysfunctional behavior (Freeeman-Longo, Blanchard, 1998). The social learning school believes that behaviors are learned. Cognitive therapists believe that our thought processes direct our emotional as well as behavioral states. The combination of cognitive and behavioral treatment of addictions observes the thinking and subsequent emotional responses that create obsessive, over learned behavioral reactions. They then set up new modes of thinki ng that are linked with new behaviors so that addictive behaviors will not be resistant.The disease model looks at addiction as an illness. There is a biological/ medical basis to this view in that biochemistry and genetics are seen as fundamental causes of addictions. The organism is considered sick and out of homeostasis. There is an etiology, a set of symptoms, an expected course, a treatment, and a response to that treatment which can be particular for any disease, including the disease of addiction.

Wayside School Gets a Little Stranger by Louis Sachar essays

Wayside School Gets a Little Stranger by Louis Sachar essays "Wayside School Gets a Little Stranger" The novel, "Wayside School Gets a Little Stranger" by Louis Sachar is a story about a group of students that get horrible substitutes while their real teacher is having a baby. This book is very humorous and it is a good book to read when you have nothing to do. The students of Mrs. Jewls's class are full of polite, obnoxious, silly, and well-spirited students. When the students return to school after experiencing other schools for 243 days, the author explains how each student acts and functions. When they write poems about different colors, the author writes how each student thinks and expresses themselves. The students of Ms. Jewls's class have to experience three different substitute teachers that all give the students trouble. The students are constantly fighting the teachers technically. However, there are times when there is nothing that they can do about it. The students often start to hate each other because of the teachers' actions. The students are constantly trying to find a way to get rid of their substitute teachers. The climax of the story is when the students meet Ms. Nogard. She causes the students to literally hate each other. Ms. Nogard used her ability to read people's minds to make the students hate each other. Ms. Nogard's third ear (on the top of her head) allows her to do this. The students are not able to stop Ms. Nogard, but Ms. Jewls does when she comes back with her baby. Then Louis (the yard teacher) realized he loved Ms. Nogard, even with her third ear. Then, Ms. Nogard was touched and she became really nice. The students changed back to normal when Ms. Jewls came back with her baby. The students didn't realize that hey were going to have a hard time with the substitutes, but they changed and learned to respect people for who they are. I can relate to the characters' personality because I am very intelligent, fun ...

French Expressions Using Soir and Soirée

French Expressions Using Soir and Soirà ©e The French words un soir and une soirà ©e both mean evening (we explain the difference here) and are also used in many expressions. Many of the expressions including soir  and soirà ©e  are idioms - phrases with meanings that cant be derived from a direct translation of the words they use. With this list of expressions using soir  and  soirà ©e,  you can learn how to say frequently used sayings like an  evening meal, a night owl, formal wear and more. Common French Expressions With Soir prendre matin midi et soirto be taken three times a dayau soir de sa vieto be in the evening of his lifeles cours du soirnight classesà ªtre du soirto be a night owlIl est arrivà © un beau soir.He turned up one evening.le repas du soirevening mealune robe du soirevening gownle soir descend / tombeevening is closing inla veille au soirthe previous eveningVoulez-vous coucher avec moi ce soir  ?Do you want to sleep with me tonight? Common French Expressions Using Soire bonne soirà ©ehave a nice eveningune soirà ©eparty, evening performanceune soirà ©e dansantedance​la tenue de soirà ©eformal wear, evening dressla tenue de soirà ©e de rigueurblack tie

Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Response Paper - Essay Example From Asian culture to African, from Chinese jaw dropping sculptures to European’s art, several magnificent art pieces hung on the wall conveying their messages and showcasing their beauty in the most elegant way. When I browsed the exhibits carefully, I was completely intrigued by the Asian’s amazing artwork. It’s beautifully gigantic structure was something to die for and made me admirable. I was actually not able to grasp one thing: How a human being can make such a thing? The delicacy and perfection made me speechless and left me spell-bound. Art is one of those things which ask for no boundaries. It is something that compels the human mind to do and to make what he likes, what he feels like. This was something our teacher told us in every art class and now I could clearly see the presence of her words in these paintings and sculptures. I was not only seeing these paintings through my eyes but was trying to feel them, the fragrance of the place it belonged to, the culture and the messages it conveyed to the people. There was this one piece of art which demonstrated the mockery of the wealthy and rich people. These were dressed up sculptures of skeletons which startled me and struck my fancy the most. It brought me a unique visual experience I have ever encountered. This Art Museum offered a colourful smorgasbord of remarkable discoveries. Huge wall paintings, miniature statues and hasty sketches provided us a chance to see the most awe-inspiring beauty. Both contemporary art and antiquity art were showcased in these paintings. This was a place which was emphasizing on every type of art and promoting the old cultures being demonstrated in these paintings and sculptures. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art is tagged as a behemoth in such an artistic and intricate world. In the area where Chinese Sculptures were placed, it appeared contemplative across the room to me. There was a deep meaning hidden behind these sculptures, their eyes gazin g trying to say something to the observers. With keen eyes, I scribbled down everything I observed, even the minute details that amalgamated and produced some amazing pieces. I was constantly relating all these artistic pieces with the material I had made so far and whatever we studied in school, it was nothing in front of this mammoth sized paintings and the perfect sculpted figures which showed the perfect picture of numerable cultures, i.e. Buddhism. The collections of painting that were housed in this art museum were uncountable. From every corner of the globe, hundreds of years old history and culture was seen in these amazing art pieces. Artifacts that were exhibited included some European Art that left me speechless. Art holdings from the extensive portfolios of various artists like Van Gogh, Manet, Rembrandt etc were showcased that helped us to go back to what we have studied in our art classes. I could relate all my paintings which were truly inspired from these amazing art ists’ creations hundreds of years old. Some pieces from the Egyptian Era and the Islamic empire were seen in this art museum which gave us a chance to understand the insight of these artists belonging to a completely different cultures and traditions. This is what an art museum does. It brings all the cultures under one roof and enables the observers to see how the whole world is indulged in one thing together, in the magic of art, although belonging to completely differ

Women in ancient China were treated unequally to men Essay

Women in ancient China were treated unequally to men - Essay Example A person may often comply when prompted to act in a certain way by another whether or not they believe it is the correct course to take because the outcome of non-compliance may be or lead with undesirable social consequences. Obedience differs from compliance. A person will obey a directive from a person accepted as an authoritative figure because they do not believe that they have a choice whereas complying is more of a choice. The women of ancient China had little choice but to obey their male counterparts regardless of whether they were fathers, brothers, husbands or even sons and had few options as to how their life was going to turn out. Although their lives were often miserable and completely constrained within the boundaries set by them by the men in their family, few women had the courage or even the idea to try to make things better. Those who did try to make a difference were often silenced by cruel or deadly means and were unable to make much headway in a culture so compl etely ingrained in both the male and female mind. In many ways, the living conditions for women in China remained fundamentally the same for thousands of years reaching even into the 1900s as the country resisted the effects of globalization felt elsewhere. The purpose of this paper is to explore the various ways in which women were treated unequal to men beginning with the writings of Confucius and extending into fictional literature that presents an image of what this sort of life might have looked like. The basic fabric of Chinese society was formed upon the foundations set by Confucius (551-479 BC). During his lifetime, Confucius worked as a political leader and was one of history’s great early philosophers. â€Å"His teachings †¦ form the foundation of much of subsequent Chinese speculation on the education and comportment of the ideal man, how such an individual should live his life and interact with others, and the forms of society and government in which he

Ict analysis Essay Example for Free

Ict analysis Essay It is also very easy to produce the forms as it is just paper and questions that have been printed. This is very easy task for the restaurant but if the customer number increases higher it will be impossible for the system to work in order. Â  This filing system will never break down and have to go in for repairing unlike an application program, which might have to go in for repairing because of technical problems or damage. Â  The data wont get lost due to technical fault however through human error it can be misplaced but not every detail of the every customer will not be lost. But if the datas on the computer and it gets damaged all of Fusions information can be lost. To prevent this they will have to keep back up files. Problem Description This project will aim to solve the data-handling problems of the new restaurant called Fusion. This is a restaurant where a variety of foods are served. To do this work and provide these services customer details (name and address), booking Details and table details are collected and stored in filing cabinets. For the current system the data is collected by asking the customers their details over the phone or in person. This current system has a few disadvantages. These are some of the disadvantages for using the current system: Its very time consuming to use. When the staff wants to find a particular file it takes them an unesccerray long time to go through all the folders and find the file they needed. This is also waste the customers time as they can become very impatient waiting for their file to be taken out. Â  The current system is also a waste of paper because when a new customer comes in they have to fill in a form or if a customers form is misplaced they will have to fill it in again which will cause inconvenience for the customers and the staff at the Fusion Restaurant. Making the restaurant look incompetent. Â  The current system also takes up a lot of storage space, which is eventually going to run out as they are going to get more and more new customers everyday. Â  If a customer wanted to edit their details the staff may find it really difficult to edit it and update information, as it is on paper and will have to be crossed out. This will also be very untidy and not very eye catching. Â  Also, if one member of staff fills up one form and another member of staff has to use it the next day it will be very hard to understand some peoples handwriting. This may cause inconvenience for the customer. Â  The system which is being used now can also be damaged as it is just ordinary paper and can be ruined easily by water, tea or coffee. Â  Another issue is if the original form which was filled previously is misplaced the customer will have to fill another form. This is very frustrating and annoying for the customers. Possible solutions There are a lot of possible solutions for all the problems. These are some of the most sensible and important solutions: They could employ more staff as part of the staff can only organise all the files in the filing cabinet, but this has a disadvantage as it is very expensive to hire more staff and it might cause confusion among the other staff because of so many people working in one restaurant. Â  They can also have different filing cabinets for different customers in alphabetical order. This will make it easier for the staff to find the files as they can just go to the filing cabinet for the people whose name began with an A for example. They can also have a different filing cabinet for bookings and reservations for the day. As this will help the staff, because they can go and check the reservations as they will know which filing cabinet the information is in. Â  They could also have a data handling system made as this will save their time, will be user-friendly, it will also make files a lot easier to locate and there will be no misspellings in this system. This is also saves on the storage space that would have been used previously for storing all the files. Chosen Solutions I have chosen the best chosen solution for solving the problem that Fusion is currently facing. I think the best solution for this problem is to use an application program which might not be specifically made for storing data from restaurants but can be customised to what the restaurant needs in its data handling system. Some of the advantages of this solution are: Â  This application program will be able to save all the data from fusion restaurant, with no misspellings and it will also save a lot of storage space. Also the data cannot be misplaced to anywhere as it is on the computer and as long as the staff press the save button none of the data can be lost. Â  The data saved on the application program can be edited easily and will still be neat unlike the current system that is being used at Fusion. Â  The application program wont be time consuming as data can be found within approximately 45 seconds rather then the current system which might take more then 15 minutes. The application program will also save a lot of paper and ink as the system will be fully digital and wont need to be printed onto paper. The handwriting in the current system is very hard to read as different people fill out different forms, but with an application program everything will be typed in so this will make the writing very easy to read and understandable for all members of staff. Â  This might take some training for people who arent familiar with computers but in the long run it is better for the restaurant itself as it is a very modern restaurant and so should have a modern data handling system like the bigger and more established restaurants. System objectives There are a few system objectives for this application program as these will help improve the service provided by the application program. The system objectives for this application program are: It should allow the staff at the Fusion restaurant to edit customer details as neatly as possible. Allow me to find customer bookings quicker then the current filing system being used at Fusion. Â  Allow the staff at Fusion to find customers easily, so they can attend other customers. Â  The application program should be easy to use. It also allows the staff to get in touch with the customers which is a positive thing for the restaurant. Â  The application program should be able to display information fast so it doesnt cause any inconvenience for the staff or the customer. It should be able to quickly delete customers as when they had filing cabinets they had to find the folder which had to been thrown out. Performance criteria The performance criteria is linked to the system objective as it is just a more detailed explanation about the system objectives. The performance criteria for the application program are: The system should allow the staff to easily change customer details without time constraints. Â  It should also allow me to find customer bookings without any problems in about 45 seconds. Â  The application program should also allow me to find customers easily without showing me other customers and customer details. Â  It should be easy to use so people without any ICT skills can use it easily too. It should also allows the staff to get in touch with the customer as pictures can be added to the application program so this shows a clear picture of how the customer looks like. It should also display information faster, in about 45 seconds for the maximum. It should be able to quickly delete customers as when they had filing cabinets they had to find the folder which had to been thrown out. This is more efficient and environmentally friendly so therefore no paper is being wasted and also increases the speed of data being processed. Current resources Fusion has a PC even though not used for data handling it is used for emailing customers about current offers and information about Fusion. The current resources that are being used now at Fusion restaurant are: A Flat screen which is 15 inches in size and has a Screen Resolution of 1280 x 800. Â  It runs on Windows XP and has the software Microsoft office 2000 right now which is quite old and doesnt have a lot features. Â  It is of the brand Samsung, which is quite popular for PCs. The internet connection is DSL, which is faster than the normal internet connections available. Hardware The hardware in a computer is equipment involved in the function of a computer. Computer hardware consists of parts that can be physically handled. The functions of these components are usually divided into three main categories: input, output, and storage. Software Computer software is a general term used to describe a collection of computer programs, procedures and documentation that perform tasks on a computer system. The term includes application software such as word processors which perform productive tasks for users, system software such as operating systems, which interface with hardware to provide the necessary services for application software, and middleware which controls and co-ordinates distributed systems.

Gods of Management :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Gods of Management The author, in the Gods of Management, attempts to classify four distinct management cultures that exist within all organizations. The author further uses the ancient Greek gods to symbolize these management cultures or philosophies. There are four types of management cultures or philosophies present within all organizations. The four cultures are the club (Zeus), role (Apollo), task (Athena), and existential (Dionysus) cultures. The first culture the author discusses is the club or Zeus culture. The author uses a spider web to represent the club culture. â€Å"[T]he lines radiating out from the center† represent â€Å"divisions of work based on functions or products† (Handy p. 14). The most important lines however â€Å"are the encircling [lines], the ones that surround the spider in the middle, for these are the lines of power and influence, losing importance as they go farther from the center. The relationship with the spider matters more in this culture than does any formal title or position description† (Handy p.14). The author also maintains that this type of culture is excellent for â€Å"speed of decisions† (Handy p. 15). However, the author also informs the reader that because of it’s speed, quality is dependent upon Zeus and his inner circle. This results in an emphasis being placed upon the selection and succession of Zeus. The club culture achieves its speed through empathy. This in turn leads to very little documentation within the organization and face to face meetings between Zeus and his subordinates or contacts. Furthermore, this culture is dependent upon networks of â€Å"friendships, old boys, and comrades† (Hardy p.16). Because of the high level of trust, the author asserts that this type of organization is cheap to operate. The only costs incurred in this type of organization are those of phone and travel expenses. In essence, these types of organizations value the individual, give him or her free rein, and reward their efforts. The second type of culture that the author discusses is the role or Apollo culture. This type of culture bases its approach on the definition of the role or the job to be done. The symbol the author uses to represent this type of culture is a Greek temple. The pillars of the temple represent the functions and divisions in an organization. â€Å"The pillars are joined managerially only at the top, the pediment, where the heads of the functions and divisions join together to form the board,